Anatomi Sosiologis Otoritas dan Kekerasan Simbolik: Mengurai Akar Kebodohan Struktural dan Patologi Kekerasan Seksual di Pesantren Lombok

Abstract

This study provides a sociological analysis of the prevalence of sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools in Lombok through the integration of the concepts of social capital, hegemony, and symbolic violence. The study aims to elucidate the pathological transformation of trust into an instrument of exploitation within a structure of structural ignorance that is historically rooted. Using a descriptive qualitative method based on sociological desk research, this article analyzes historical documents, case reports, and philosophical-sociological texts. The research findings indicate that structural ignorance in Lombok has been historically produced by feudal-colonial power relations and local elites (nobility and Tuan Guru), which have shaped a habitus of absolute submission (blind trust). The separation of faith from public reason has conditioned pesantren as “closed domains” immune to social oversight, thereby fueling power asymmetries and symbolic violence that normalize abuse and silence victims. The novelty of this research lies in the reversal of social capital theory—from an asset for development to a pathological instrument of violence—as well as in demonstrating how historical hegemony and the crisis of public reason are intertwined in perpetuating religiously-based sexual exploitation.