Artificial Intelligence dan Otoritas Pengetahuan: Perspektif Filsafat Pendidikan Islam terhadap Produksi Kebenaran di Era Digital
Published:
2026-08-02Downloads
Abstract
Abstract
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed how knowledge is acquired, produced, and validated, leading to a shift in epistemic authority from educational institutions and human experts toward algorithmic systems. This transformation has generated new challenges, including increasing dependence on AI, AI hallucinations, digital misinformation, and a growing crisis of truth. This study aims to examine the shifting authority of knowledge in the AI era and to explore the relevance of Islamic philosophy of education in developing an evaluative framework for AI-generated knowledge. Employing a qualitative library research design, the study analyzes contemporary scholarly literature on artificial intelligence, epistemology, and Islamic educational philosophy through qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that AI has evolved beyond a technological tool into a new epistemic authority influencing knowledge production in contemporary digital society. Nevertheless, AI remains fundamentally limited because it operates through probabilistic computation, lacks reflective consciousness, and is incapable of providing independent moral judgment or determining truth. In response to these limitations, Islamic epistemology offers a comprehensive evaluative framework integrating reason (al-'aql), revelation, adab (ethical conduct), and tabayyun (critical verification) as complementary principles for validating knowledge. The study proposes the Islamic Verification Epistemology Model as its principal theoretical contribution, positioning AI as an instrument for information generation while assigning the validation of knowledge to rational inquiry, critical verification, ethical reflection, and revelatory guidance. This model contributes to the advancement of Islamic philosophy of education and provides an epistemological foundation for the responsible integration of AI in contemporary education.
Abstrak
Perkembangan Artificial Intelligence (AI) telah mengubah secara fundamental cara manusia memperoleh, memproduksi, dan memvalidasi pengetahuan sehingga memunculkan pergeseran otoritas epistemik dari institusi pendidikan dan pakar menuju sistem berbasis algoritma. Kondisi tersebut menghadirkan tantangan baru berupa meningkatnya ketergantungan terhadap AI, fenomena AI hallucination, disinformasi digital, serta krisis penentuan kebenaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pergeseran otoritas pengetahuan pada era AI serta mengkaji relevansi filsafat pendidikan Islam dalam membangun kerangka evaluasi terhadap pengetahuan yang dihasilkan AI. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode library research melalui analisis isi terhadap berbagai literatur ilmiah mutakhir mengenai AI, epistemologi, dan filsafat pendidikan Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AI telah berkembang dari sekadar alat bantu teknologi menjadi otoritas epistemik baru yang memengaruhi pola produksi pengetahuan masyarakat digital. Namun, AI memiliki keterbatasan mendasar karena bekerja berdasarkan probabilitas statistik, tidak memiliki kesadaran reflektif, serta tidak mampu memberikan justifikasi moral maupun menentukan kebenaran secara independen. Dalam konteks tersebut, epistemologi Islam menawarkan kerangka konseptual melalui integrasi akal (al-'aql), wahyu, adab, dan prinsip tabayyun sebagai mekanisme verifikasi pengetahuan yang lebih komprehensif. Penelitian ini menawarkan Model Epistemologi Verifikatif Islam sebagai kontribusi konseptual yang menempatkan AI sebagai instrumen produksi informasi, sementara proses validasi pengetahuan dilakukan melalui evaluasi rasional, verifikasi kritis, pertimbangan etis, dan orientasi wahyu. Model ini memperkaya pengembangan filsafat pendidikan Islam sekaligus memberikan landasan epistemologis bagi pemanfaatan AI yang bertanggung jawab dalam pendidikan di era digital.
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence Islamic epistemology Islamic philosophy of education epistemic authority tabayyunReferences
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