Integrasi Maqāmāt Tasawuf Dalam Psikoterapi Islam: Pengembangan Model Konseptual Transformasi Psikologis dan Kesehatan Mental
Published:
2026-01-06Downloads
Abstract
Contemporary Islamic psychotherapy continues to face methodological challenges in formulating a model of psychological transformation that is genuinely rooted in Islamic epistemology, rather than merely attaching Islamic labels to conventional therapeutic frameworks. One largely unformalized yet promising resource is the concept of maqāmāt (spiritual stations) within the Sufi tradition, encompassing repentance (tawbah), patience (ṣabr), gratitude (shukr), asceticism (zuhd), reliance on God (tawakkul), contentment (riḍā), love (maḥabbah), and gnosis (ma'rifah). This article aims to develop a conceptual model that integrates Sufi maqāmāt into a framework of Islamic psychotherapy as a pathway of psychological transformation toward mental health. The study employs a library research method with a conceptual-thematic analysis of classical Sufi literature and contemporary Islamic psychology literature. The findings indicate that each maqām corresponds functionally to modern psychological constructs: tawbah with cognitive restructuring, ṣabr with emotion regulation and distress tolerance, shukr with positive psychology interventions, zuhd with non-attachment, tawakkul with adaptive locus of control, riḍā with acceptance, maḥabbah with secure attachment, and ma'rifah with existential meaning-making and self-actualization. Based on these correspondences, the article proposes a staged conceptual model termed the Maqāmātic Transformation Model (MTM), consisting of three major phases—purification (takhallī), cultivation (taḥallī), and illumination (tajallī)—each mapping specific maqāmāt onto clinical processes and intervention targets. This model offers a framework that Muslim counselors and psychotherapists can adapt to design interventions oriented toward simultaneous spiritual and psychological healing. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and directions for further empirical research are also discussed.
Keywords:
Sufi maqāmāt Islamic psychotherapy psychological transformation mental health conceptual modelReferences
Adz-Dzaky, H. B. (2002). Psikoterapi dan Konseling Islam: Penerapan Metode Sufistik. Al-Manar.
Al-Ghazali, A. H. (1998). Iḥyā' 'Ulūm al-Dīn (Terjemahan). Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-'Arabiyyah.
Al-Qushayri, A. Q. (2007). Al-Risālah al-Qushayriyyah fī 'Ilm al-Taṣawwuf (A. D. Knysh, Trans.). Garnet Publishing.
Badri, M. B. (1979). The Dilemma of Muslim Psychologists. MWH London Publishers.
Bastaman, H. D. (2005). Integrasi Psikologi dengan Islam: Menuju Psikologi Islami. Pustaka Pelajar.
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 377–389.
Frankl, V. E. (1985). Man's Search for Meaning. Washington Square Press.
Hamka. (2015). Tasawuf Modern. Republika Penerbit.
Haque, A. (2004). Psychology from Islamic perspective: Contributions of early Muslim scholars and challenges to contemporary Muslim psychologists. Journal of Religion and Health, 43(4), 357–377.
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An Experiential Approach to Behavior Change. Guilford Press.
Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. Basic Books.
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. (2003). Madārij al-Sālikīn bayna Manāzil Iyyāka Na'budu wa Iyyāka Nasta'īn. Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah.
Isgandarova, N. (2019). Muraqaba as a key mechanism of psychotherapy in Islamic spirituality. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(4), 1146–1160.
Jaakkola, E. (2020). Designing conceptual articles: Four approaches. AMS Review, 10(1–2), 18–26.
Keshavarzi, H., & Haque, A. (2013). Outlining a psychotherapy model for enhancing Muslim mental health within an Islamic context. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 23(3), 230–249.
Keshavarzi, H., Khan, F., Ali, B., & Awaad, R. (Eds.). (2020). Applying Islamic Principles to Clinical Mental Health Care: Introducing Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy. Routledge.
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. Guilford Press.
Mujib, A., & Mudzakir, J. (2002). Nuansa-Nuansa Psikologi Islam. RajaGrafindo Persada.
Nasution, H. (1973). Falsafah dan Mistisisme dalam Islam. Bulan Bintang.
Newberg, A., & Waldman, M. R. (2009). How God Changes Your Brain: Breakthrough Findings from a Leading Neuroscientist. Ballantine Books.
Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(3), 390–395.
Rassool, G. H. (2016). Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Routledge.
Rothman, A., & Coyle, A. (2018). Toward a framework for Islamic psychology and psychotherapy: An Islamic model of the soul. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(5), 1731–1744.
Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016). Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice (7th ed.). Wiley.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18.
Torraco, R. J. (2005). Writing integrative literature reviews: Guidelines and examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356–367.
Utz, A. (2011). Psychology from the Islamic Perspective. International Islamic Publishing House.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mulyani, Miftahul Aula Sa’adah, Ibrahim Idrus
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Downloads
How to Cite
