STUDI PSIKOLOGI SIBER TENTANG DAMPAK HATE SPEECH BAGI PENGGUNA MEDIA SOSIAL
Main Article Content
Rijal Abdillah
Amanda Aulia Ibrahim
Nadine Odelia Emmanuelha Sirait
Nadya Krissan Oktavia
Rica Widyadari
Shalbina Febriyanti Amanda
Siti Nabila Jansa
A person can now more easily access a variety of information through social media in a meeting room thanks to increasingly sophisticated information technology. Numerous social media platforms, such as WhatsApp, Line, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, TikTok, and Instagram, constantly highlight certain things that the user should consider when engaging with those platforms. However, very few people who use social media or the internet communicate with other online users to give them advice. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the phenomenon of hate speech from the viewpoint of those who use social media. Data is obtained by using an in-depth interview with eight people who use social media. Purposive sampling is a technique that is employed in qualitative phenomenology as a means of collecting data from study subjects. Data from the analysis of the case study were redacted, displayed, and verified using data phenomenology analysis. The current study produces the following results: In the beginning, the topic was social media. Second, Netizens on social media are also alerted. Third, Hate speech. Fourth, the impact of hate speech. Fifth, Ethical standards in social media comments. Various studies have been conducted to determine the subjectivity of hate speech in social media. It is hoped that the results of this study would help those who use social media avoid embarrassment when commenting on social media.
Abadiano, M. N., Bonotan, A., & Makiling, R. V. (2014). The Dynamics of Netizens’ Information-Sharing In Social Media: Why Do We Share Information In Social Media? International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, 2(March), 30–55.
Abaido, G. M. (2020). Cyberbullying on social media platforms among university students in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 407–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1669059
Adam, A., & Shah, I. (2022). Social Media Impacts on Society. June, 0–9. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13663.94888
Aeni, E. S., & Lestari, R. D. (2018). Penerapan Metode Mengikat Makna dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Cerpen pada Mahasiswa IKIP Siliwangi Bandung. Sematik, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.22460/semantik.vXiX.XXX
Afiah, N. (2015). Kepribadian dan Agresivitas dalam Berbagai Budaya. Buletin Psikologi, 23(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.22146/bpsi.10573
Anam, M., & Hafiz, M. (2015). Surat Edaran Kapolri Tentang Penanganan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) dalam Kerangka Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, 1. https://doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v1i3.30
Anam, M. K. (2017). Analisis Respons Netizen Terhadap Berita Politik Di Media Online. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komputer, 3(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.35329/jiik.v3i1.62
Badjatiya, P., Gupta, S., Gupta, M., & Varma, V. (2017). Deep Learning for Hate Speech Detection in Tweets. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion, 759–760. https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3054223
Cohen-Almagor, R. (2022). Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Hate Speech. International Journal of Technoethics, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.291552
Creswell, J. W. (2009). RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. In SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.2307/1523157
Deriyanto, D., Qorib, F., Komunikasi, J. I., Tribhuwana, U., & Malang, T. (2018). Persepsi Mahasiswa Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang Terhadap Penggunaan Aplikasi Tik Tok. Jisip, 7(2), 77. www.publikasi.unitri.ac.id
DeWall, C. N., Finkel, E. J., & Denson, T. F. (2011). Self-Control Inhibits Aggression. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(7), 458–472. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00363.x
Djuric, N., Zhou, J., Morris, R., Grbovic, M., Radosavljevic, V., & Bhamidipati, N. L. (2015). Hate Speech Detection with Comment Embeddings. https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2742760
Eberle, T. S. (2014). Phenomenology as a Research Method. In The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243.n13
Febry Ramadani. (2021). Ujaran kebencian netizen Indonesia dalam kolom komentar Instagram selebgram Indonesia: Sebuah kajian linguistik forensik. AKSARA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 22(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.23960/aksara/v22i1.pp1-19
Gamayanto, I., Nilawati, F. E., & Suharnawi, -. (2017). Pengembangan dan Implementasi dari Wise Netizen (E-Comment) di Indonesia. Techno.Com, 16(1), 80–95. https://doi.org/10.33633/tc.v16i1.1323
Gitari, N. D., Zuping, Z., Zhang, Z., Damien, H., & Long, J. (2015). A Lexicon-based Approach for Hate Speech Detection. https://doi.org/10.14257/IJMUE.2015.10.4.21
Istiani, N., & Islamy, A. (2020). Fikih Media Sosial Di Indonesia. Asy Syar’Iyyah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’Ah Dan Perbankan Islam, 5(2), 202–225. https://doi.org/10.32923/asy.v5i2.1586
Juditha, C. (2017). Hatespeech In Online Media: Jakarta On Election 2017-Hatespeech di Media Online: Kasus Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017. Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi Dan Opini Publik, 137–151.
Juditha, C. (2021). Analisis Konten Tentang Perundungan Maya Terhadap Selebriti Di Instagram Analysis of Content the Case of Cyberbullying Against Celebrities on Instagram. Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi Dan Opini Publik, 25(2), 183–198.
Junaedi, F., Sukmono, F. G., Sugiana, D., Setiaman, A., Sari, D. K., Wibowo, N. A., Herwandito, S., Sjuchro, D. W., Yusanto, Y., Ramadhani, E., Nuraini, I., Kodrat, D., Samudro, A., Gemiharto, I., Gobang, J. K., Karimah, K. El, Wahyudin, U., Tarifu, L., Nurfikria, I., … Hariyanti, P. (2019). [BUKU] Komunikasi dalam Media Digital. (2019).
Kemkominfo. (2016). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik. UU No. 19 Tahun 2016, 1, 1–31. https://web.kominfo.go.id/sites/default/files/users/4761/UU 19 Tahun 2016.pdf
Lexy, J. (2010). Moleong. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif.
Lubis, I. D. P. (2016). Media Sosial Dan Kebijakan Kapolri Mengenai ”Hate Speech” (Ujaran Kebencian). 14(1), 151–159.
Markogiannaki, M., Biniari, L., Panagouli, E., Thomaidis, L., Sergentanis, T. N., Bacopoulou, F., Babalis, T., Psaltopoulou, T., Tsolia, M., Martens, H., & Tsitsika, A. (2021). Adolescent Perspectives About Online Hate Speech: Qualitative Analysis in the SELMA Project. Acta Medica Academica, 50(2), 264–276. https://doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.342
Marques, T. (2022). The expression of hate in hate speech. Journal of Applied Philosophy, June, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12608
Mulawarman, M., & Nurfitri, A. D. (2017). Perilaku Pengguna Media Sosial beserta Implikasinya Ditinjau dari Perspektif Psikologi Sosial Terapan. Buletin Psikologi, 25(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.22759
Ningrum, D. J., Suryadi, S., & Chandra Wardhana, D. E. (2019). Kajian Ujaran Kebencian Di Media Sosial. Jurnal Ilmiah KORPUS, 2(3), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.33369/jik.v2i3.6779
Nobata, C., Tetreault, J., Thomas, A., Mehdad, Y., & Chang, Y. (2016). Abusive Language Detection in Online User Content. 25th International World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2016, 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883062
Papcunová, J., Martončik, M., Fedáková, D., Kentoš, M., Bozogáňová, M., Srba, I., Moro, R., Pikuliak, M., Šimko, M., & Adamkovič, M. (2021). Hate speech operationalization: a preliminary examination of hate speech indicators and their structure. Complex and Intelligent Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-021-00561-0
Permatasari, D. I. (2019). Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Ujaran Kebencian Facebook Tahun 2017-2019. Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Prasanti, D., & Indriani, S. S. (2017). Etika Komunikasi dalam Media Sosial bagi Ibu-Ibu PKK di Desa Mekarmukti Kab. Bandung Barat (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif tentang Etika Komunikasi dalam Media Sosial bagi Ibu-Ibu PKK di desa Mekarmukti Kab.Bandung Barat). Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi, 10(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v10i1.1219
Rahmi, H., & Corsini, A. (2021). Tinjauan Fenomena “Hate Speech” dengan Muatan Politik di Indonesia dalam Perspektif “Psychological Hatred.” Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, 6(2), 285–303. https://doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v6i2.461
Rantona, S., & Kurniawan, R. (2020). Persepsi Netizen Media Sosial Instagram Dalam Konten Prank Ferdian Paleka. Jurnal Komunikasi, Masyarakat Dan Keamanan, 2(2), 68–78.
Sadida, N., & Pratiwi, T. A. (2020). Mawas diri berideologi : Tantangan berpartisipasi religius online di era ujaran kebencian. 18(03), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.25
Sagala, L. H. U. B. (2019). Kajian Eufemisme dan Disfemisme Pada Komentar Para Netizen dalam Youtube Berita Kumparan. Com (Edisi Menko Polhukam Wiranto Ditusuk Orang Di Pandeglang). Seminar Internasional Riksa Bahasa XIII, 539–548.
Samsudin, T., & Ahmad, N. A. (2018). Disfemisme Warganet pada Komentar di Media Sosial Facebook dalam Tinjauan Semantik dan Hukum Islam. Jurnal Al-Himayah, 2(2), 255–280.
Shaiful, M., Zainudin, H., Zul, M., & Mohd, A. (2022). The Powerful of Social Media Usage towards Islamophobia Understanding among Malaysian Netizens The Powerful of Social Media Usage towards Islamophobia Understanding among Malaysian Netizens. Journal of Media and Information Warfare, Vol. 14 (2(December 2021).
Silva, L. A., Mondal, M., Correa, D., Benevenuto, F., & Weber, I. (2016). Analyzing the Targets of Hate in Online Social Media. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0eb7a0eeee3c1db48afc078559202c2632ddb8a5
Subyantoro, S., & Apriyanto, S. (2020). Impoliteness in Indonesian Language Hate Speech on Social Media Contained in the Instagram Account. Journal of Advances in Linguistics, 11, 36–46. https://doi.org/10.24297/jal.v11i.8655
Surokim As. (2017). Internet, Media Sosial, Dan Perubahan Sosial Di Madura. 137.
Suvidutt, M. S., & Tomer, A. (2021). The Medical and Psychological Effect of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech on Vulnerable Social Groups. 15(4), 2659–2664.
Tontodimamma, A., Nissi, E., Sarra, A., & Fontanella, L. (2021). Thirty years of research into hate speech: topics of interest and their evolution. Scientometrics, 126(1), 157–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03737-6
Ulfatun, U. (2021). Analisis Penggunaan Gaya Bahasa Sarkasme Netizen di Media Sosial Instagram. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, Dan Sastra, 7(2), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v7i2.1255
Vollhardt, J., Coutin, M., Staub, E., Weiss, G., & Deflander, J. (2006). Deconstructing Hate Speech in the DRC: A Psychological Media Sensitization Campaign. Journal of Hate Studies, 5(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.33972/jhs.40
Wachs, S., Wright, M. F., & Vazsonyi, A. (2019). Understanding the overlap between cyberbullying and cyberhate perpetration: Moderating effects of toxic online disinhibition. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2116
Warner, W., & Hirschberg, J. (2012). Detecting Hate Speech on the World Wide Web. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2aab45ffcd28f3945f2b3bda34887ccdd14adfc3
Waseem, Z., & Hovy, D. (2016). Hateful Symbols or Hateful People? Predictive Features for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/N16-2013
Wasilewski, K. (2019). Hate speech and identity politics. An intercultural communication perspective. Przegląd Europejski, 3(3), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5848
Wibowo, T. O. (2018). Konstruksi Ujaran Kebencian Melalui Status Media Sosial. CHANNEL: Jurnal Komunikasi, 6(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.12928/channel.v6i2.11578
Widayati, L. S. (2018). UJARAN KEBENCIAN: BATASAN PENGERTIAN DAN LARANGANNYA. Info Singkat: Kajian Singkat Terhadap Isu Aktual Dan Strategis, 10(6).
Windisch, S., Wiedlitzka, S., Olaghere, A., & Jenaway, E. (2022). Online interventions for reducing hate speech and cyberhate: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1243
Yuliyanti, T., Subyantoro, S., & Pristiwati, R. (2020). Form of Hate Speech Comments on Najwa Shihab Youtube Channels in The General Election Campaign of President and Vice President of The Republic of Indonesia 2019. Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 9(3), 254–263. https://doi.org/10.15294/seloka.v9i3.42513
