Pengaruh Work From Home, Work-Life Balance, Stres Kerja, dan Employee Relations Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pada Pekerja Yang Sedang Berkuliah
Main Article Content
Mela Rosa Damayanti
Dodi Ria Atmaja
The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence job satisfaction in the context of remote work caused by the pandemic, such as work-life balance, work stress and employee relations for workers who are in college. This study uses a quantitative approach. The method used in this research is a survey method by distributing online questionnaires to Parallel Students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Esa Unggul University. The questionnaires collected were 150 respondents and to test the research model, this study used SEM Lisrel. The results obtained indicate that work from home has a positive effect on job satisfaction and work-life balance but has a negative effect on work stress. Further results, work-life balance has a positive effect on job satisfaction, but job stress and employee relations do not have a positive effect on job satisfaction. In addition, this study succeeded in proving that work-life balance can mediate work from home on job satisfaction. However, this study found that job stress was not able to mediate work from home on job satisfaction. Work from home is a new breakthrough in work that can increase job satisfaction as a work atmosphere today and even in the future for workers.
Abun, D., Magallanes, T., Paynaen, E. P., & Pre, M. (2018). Measuring Employees Perception of the Existence of Organizational Politics and Job Satisfaction of Divine Word Colleges Employees in Ilocos Region, Philippines. International Journal of Advanced Research, 10(11), 75279–75286. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/8121
Agarwal, R. N. (2015). STRESS, JOB SATISFACTION AND JOB COMMITMENT‘S RELATION WITH ATTRITION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIAN IT SECTOR. Journal International Management, 9(1), 720–731. http://conferinta.management.ase.ro/archives/2015/pdf/76.pdf
Akuoko, K. O., Dwumah, P., & Ansong, F. (2012). Employee Involvement in Decision Making and Workers ’. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies, 2(6), 11–23.
Alianto, A., & Anindita, R. (2014). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Work Life Balance Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Dimediasi Stres Kerja. Jurnal Thesis Management.
Ammons, S. K., & Markham, W. T. (2004). Working at hdome: Experiences of skilled white collar workers. Sociological Spectrum, 24(2), 191–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732170490271744
Anderson, A. J., Kaplan, S. A., & Vega, R. P. (2015). The impact of telework on emotional experience: When, and for whom, does telework improve daily affective well-being? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(6), 882–897. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2014.966086
Andriyana, A. S., & Supriansyah, S. (2021). Konsep Work Life Balance Terhadap Produktivitas Pegawai yang Menerapkan Work From Home Pada Masa Pendemi Covid-19 (Studi Literatur). JENIUS (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia), 5(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.32493/jjsdm.v5i1.13138
Anggraeni, D. W., & Mulyana, O. P. (2021). Hubungan Antara Work Life Balance Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Pada Guru Sma Negeri 12 Surabaya Di Masa Pandemi. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 8(2), 105–114.
Arimie, J. C., & Oronsaye, A. O. (2020). Assessing Employee Relations and Organizational Performance: A Literature Review. International Journal of Applied Research in Business and Management, 1(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.51137/ijarbm.2020.1.1.1
Armstrong, G. S., & Griffin, M. L. (2004). Does the job matter? Comparing correlates of stress among treatment and correctional staff in prisons. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(6), 577–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2004.08.007
Asghar, B., Wasim, A., Jahanzaib, M., & Hussain, S. (2016). Impact of Privatization on Employee Relations at Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited. The Nucleus, 53(4), 243–253.
Aycan, Z. (2008). Cross-Cultural Approaches to Work-Family Conflict. In Handbook of Work-Family Integration (pp. 353–430).
Azarbouyeh, A., & Naini, S. G. J. (2014). A study on the effect of teleworking on quality of work life. Management Science Letters, 4(6), 1063–1068. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.5.027
Aziri, B. (2011). JOB SATISFACTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW Management. MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, 3(4), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.31.1037
Bao, L., Li, T., Xia, X., Zhu, K., Li, H., & Yang, X. (2020a). How does Working from Home Affect Developer Productivity? – A Case Study of Baidu During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Science China Information Sciences, 2, 1–17.
Bao, L., Li, T., Xia, X., Zhu, K., Li, H., & Yang, X. (2020b). How does Working from Home Affect Developer Productivity? – A Case Study of Baidu During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Science China Information Sciences, 2, 1–17. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.13167
Baruch, Y. (2001). The status of research on teleworking and an agenda for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 3(2), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00058
Bellmann, L., & Hübler, O. (2021). Working from home, job satisfaction and work–life balance – robust or heterogeneous links? International Journal of Manpower, 42(3), 424–441. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-10-2019-0458
Belzunegui-Eraso, A., & Erro-Garcés, A. (2020). Teleworking in the Context of the Covid-19 Crisis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093662
Bentley, T. A., Teo, S. T. T., McLeod, L., Tan, F., Bosua, R., & Gloet, M. (2016). The role of organisational support in teleworker wellbeing: A socio-technical systems approach. Applied Ergonomics, 52, 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2015.07.019
Bulińska-Stangrecka, H., & Bagieńska, A. (2020). INTANGIBLE RESOURCES FOR AN ORGANIZATION’S SUSTAINABILITY POTENTIAL. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(1), 741–761. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.8.1(50)
Bulińska-Stangrecka, H., & Bagieńska, A. (2021). The Role of Employee Relations in Shaping Job Satisfaction as an Element Promoting Positive Mental Health at Work in the Era of COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041903
Chao, M. C., Jou, R. C., Liao, C. C., & Kuo, C. W. (2015). Workplace Stress, Job Satisfaction, Job Performance, and Turnover Intention of Health Care Workers in Rural Taiwan. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2), NP1827–NP1836. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513506604
Chung, H. (2018). FUTURE OF WORK AND FLEXIBLE WORKING IN ESTONIA. In Tallin: Arenguseire Keskus (p. 42).
Chung, H., & Lippe, T. van der. (2020). Flexible Working, Work–Life Balance, and Gender Equality: Introduction. Social Indicators Research, 151(2), 365–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2025-x
Clark, A. E. (1996). Job Satisfaction in Britain. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 34(2), 189–217. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fcs&AN=3275776&site=ehost-live
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Family Balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001
Coenen, M., & Kok, R. A. W. (2014). Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules. European Management Journal, 32(4), 564–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.12.003
Cohen, A., & Liani, E. (2009). Work-family conflict among female employees in Israeli hospitals. Personnel Review, 38(2), 124–141. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910931307
Contreras, F., Baykal, E., & Abid, G. (2020). E-Leadership and Teleworking in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: What We Know and Where Do We Go. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590271
Daipuria, P., & Kakar, D. (2013). Work-Life Balance for Working Parents : Perspectives and Strategies. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 2(1), 45–52.
De Massis, A., Audretsch, D., Uhlaner, L., & Kammerlander, N. (2018). Innovation with Limited Resources: Management Lessons from the German Mittelstand. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 35(1), 125–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12373
Dhania, D. R. (2010). Pengaruh Stres Kerja , Beban Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan( Studi Pada Medical Representatif Di Kota Kudus ). Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Muria Kudus, 1(1), 15–23.
Dimec, T., Mahnič, J., Marinšek, M., Masten, R., & Tušak, M. (2008). Zadovoljstvo z življenjem in delovno zadovoljstvo zaposlenih v Slovenski vojski. Psihološka Obzorja / Horizons of Psychology, 17(4), 117–130. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-03385-006&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Dimotakis, N., Scott, B. A., & Koopman, J. (2010). An experience sampling investigation of workplace interactions, affective states, and employee well-being. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 572–588. https://doi.org/10.1002/job
Ellis, T. S., & Webster, R. L. (1998). IS Managers’ Innovation Toward Telecommuting: A Structural Equation Model. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 4, 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1998.655271
Fardah, F. F., & Ayuningtias, H. G. (2020). Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja (Studi Pada CV Fatih Terang Purnama). Jurnal Mitra Manajemen, 4(5), 831–842. https://doi.org/10.52160/ejmm.v4i5.394
Fedáková, D., & Ištoňová, L. (2017). SLOVAK IT-EMPLOYEES AND NEW WAYS OF WORKING: IMPACT ON WORK-FAMILY BORDERS AND WORK-FAMILY BALANCE. Československá Psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology), LXI(1), 68–83.
Fisher, G. G., Bulger, C. A., & Smith, C. S. (2009). Beyond Work and Family: A Measure of Work/Nonwork Interference and Enhancement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(4), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016737
Fonner, K. L., & Roloff, M. E. (2010). Why teleworkers are more satisfied with their jobs than are office-based workers: When less contact is beneficial. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38(4), 336–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2010.513998
Frenkel, S., Sanders, K., & Bednall, T. C. (2013). Employee perceptions of management relations as influences on job satisfaction and quit intentions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(1), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-012-9290-z
Frone, M. R. (1990). Intolerance of ambiguity as a moderator of the occupational role stress—strain relationship: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(4), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030110406
Gądecki, J., Jewdokimow, M., & Żadkowska, M. (2018). NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND FAMILY LIFE IN THE CONTEXT OF WORK AT HOME. THE STRATEGIES OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE. Studia Humanistyczne AGH, 17(4), 77. https://doi.org/10.7494/human.2018.17.4.77
Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007). The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown About Telecommuting: Meta-Analysis of Psychological Mediators and Individual Consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524–1541. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524
Gálvez, A., Tirado, F., & Alcaraz, J. M. (2020). “Oh! Teleworking!” Regimes of engagement and the lived experience of female Spanish teleworkers. Business Ethics A European Review, 29(1), 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12240
Greenblatt, E. (2002). Work/Life Balance: Wisdom or Whining. Organizational Dynamics, 31(2), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(02)00100-6
Güçer, E., & Demirdağ, Ş. A. (2014). Organizational Trust and Job Satisfaction: A Study on Hotels. Business Management Dynamics, 4(1), 12–28.
Gustina, A. (2022). Work Life Balance di Era Pandemi : Pengaruhnya terhadap Kepuasan Kerja. UPY BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, 01(02), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.31316/ubmj.v1i2.3094
Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Suñe, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of work-life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 361–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis.
He, B., He, Q., & Sarfraz, M. (2021). Inclusive Leadership and Subordinates’ Pro-Social Rule Breaking in the Workplace: Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Moderating Role of Employee Relations Climate. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1691–1706. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S333593
Hsu, Y. Y., Bai, C. H., Yang, C. M., Huang, Y. C., Lin, T. T., & Lin, C. H. (2019). Long Hours’ Effects on Work-Life Balance and Satisfaction. BioMed Research International, 1, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5046934
Iheriohanma, E. B. ., Austin-Egole, I., & Stella. (2020). Outsourcing and employment trends: An exploratory discourse. Issues in Business Management and Economics, 8(3), 48–56.
Indrawati, R., Elizar, C., & Syah, T. Y. R. (2020). Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Trust, and Customer Loyalty in the Service of Pediatric Polyclinic (Case Study At Private H Hospital of East Jakarta, Indonesia). Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic, 4(2), 105–111.
Irawanto, D. W., Novianti, K. R., & Roz, K. (2021). Work from Home: Measuring Satisfaction between Work–Life Balance and Work Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Economies, 9(3), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030096
Jackson, L. T. B., & Fransman, E. I. (2018). Flexi work, financial well-being, work–life balance and their effects on subjective experiences of productivity and job satisfaction of females in an institution of higher learning. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 21(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1487
Johnson, L. C., Andrey, J., & Shaw, S. M. (2007). Mr. Dithers comes to dinner: Telework and the merging of women’s work and home domains in Canada. Gender, Place and Culture, 14(2), 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/09663690701213701
JyothiSree, V., & Jyothi, P. (2012). Assessing Work-Life Balance: From Emotional Intelligence and Role Efficacy of Career Women. Advances in Management, 5(6).
Kazekami, S. (2020). Mechanisms to improve labor productivity by performing telework. Telecommunications Policy, 44(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101868
Kim, J., Henly, J. R., Golden, L. M., & Lambert, S. J. (2019). Workplace Flexibility and Worker Well-Being by Gender. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(3), 892–910. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12633
Konrad, A. M., & Mangel, R. (2000). THE IMPACT OF WORK-LIFE PROGRAMS ON FIRM PRODUCTIVITY. Strategic Management Journal, 21(12), 1225–1237.
Kossek, E. E., Lautsch, B. A., & Eaton, S. C. (2006). Telecommuting, control, and boundary management: Correlates of policy use and practice, job control, and work-family effectiveness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(2), 347–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.002
Kramer, A., & Kramer, K. Z. (2020). The potential impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on occupational status, work from home, and occupational mobility. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103442
Liu, H. L., & Lo, V. hwei. (2018). An integrated model of workload, autonomy, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Taiwanese reporters. Asian Journal of Communication, 28(2), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2017.1382544
Locke, E. A. (1969). What is Job Satisfaction? 1. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 309–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90013-0
Locke, E. A. (1970). Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: A Theoretical Analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 5(5), 484–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(70)90036-X
López-Igual, P., & Rodríguez-Modroño, P. (2020). Who is teleworking and where from? Exploring the main determinants of telework in Europe. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218797
Lund, D. B. (2003). Organizational culture and job satisfaction. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 18(3), 219–236.
Madero Gómez, S., Ortiz Mendoza, O. E., Ramírez, J., & Olivas-Luján, M. R. (2020). Stress and myths related to the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on remote work. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 18(4), 401–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRJIAM-06-2020-1065
Maheshkumar, R., & Jayaraman, D. S. (2013). Job Satisfaction Among Librarians – A Study in Coimbatore City. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 3(12), 252–254. https://doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2013/75
Martin, B. H., & MacDonnell, R. (2012). Is telework effective for organizations?: A meta-analysis of empirical research on perceptions of telework and organizational outcomes. Management Research Review, 35(7), 602–616. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171211238820
Martino, V. Di, & Wirth, L. (1990). Telework: A New Way of Working and Living. International Labour Review, 129(5), 529–554.
Mawaranti, R., & Praseti, A. P. (2018). DAMPAK STRES KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PADA PEGAWAI UPT PUSKESMAS JASINGA. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 13(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.21460/jrmb.2018.131.302
Meel, J. van. (2011). The origins of new ways of working: Office concepts in the 1970s. Facilities, 29(9/10), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632771111146297
Mincu, C. L. (2015). The Impact of Personal Resources on Organizational Attitudes: Job Satisfaction and Trust in Organization. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 187, 685–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.127
Monoarfa, R. M., Adolfina, & Uhing, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Human Relation, Lingkungan Dan Etos Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Karyawan Hotel Sintesa Peninsula Manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 8(1), 242–251.
Nakrošienė, A., Bučiūnienė, I., & Goštautaitė, B. (2019). Working from home: characteristics and outcomes of telework. International Journal of Manpower, 40(1), 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-07-2017-0172
Neirotti, P., Paolucci, E., & Raguseo, E. (2013). Mapping the antecedents of telework diffusion: Firm-level evidence from Italy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 28(1), 16–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12001
Nilles, J. M. (1997). TELEWORK: ENABLING DISTRIBUTED ORGANIZATIONS Implications for IT Managers. Information Systems Management, 14(4), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580539708907069
Novianti, K. R., & Roz, K. (2020). Teleworking and Workload Balance on Job Satisfaction: Indonesian Public Sector Workers During Covid-19 Pandemic. Asia-Pacific Management and Business Application, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2020.009.01.1
Oosthuizen, R. M., Coetzee, M., & Munro, Z. (2019). Work-life balance, job satisfaction and turnover intention amongst information technology employees. Southern African Business Review, 20(1), 446–467. https://doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/6059
Panjaitan, T. W. S. (2014). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Hubungan Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja, Kepemimpinan Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja. BIP’s JURNAL BISNIS PERSPEKTIF, 6(2), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.37477/bip.v6i2.77
Pardon, M. C., Gould, G. G., Garcia, A., Phillips, L., Cook, M. C., Miller, S. A., Mason, P. A., & Morilak, D. A. (2002). Stress reactivity of the brain noradrenergic system in three rat strains differing in their neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress: Implications for susceptibility to stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroscience, 115(1), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00364-0
Pérez, M. P., Sánchez, A. M., & De Luis Carnicer, M. P. (2003). The organizational implications of human resources managers’ perception of teleworking. Personnel Review, 32(6), 733–755. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480310498693
Prasetyo, R., Purwandari, D. A., & Syah, T. Y. R. (2021). The Effect of Customers’ Incivility and Work stress on Job Satisfaction through Burnout. Journal of Economics, Business, & Accountancy Ventura, 23(3), 390–401. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v23i3.2309
Putri, A., & Amran, A. (2021). Employees ’ Work-Life Balance Reviewed From Work From Home Aspect During COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology (IJMSIT), 1(1), 30–34.
Rahman, M. F. (2019). Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements on Job Satisfaction Among the Female Teachers in the Higher Education Sector. European Journal of Business and Management, 11(18), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM
Ranihusna, D., Wulansari, N. A., Asiari, D. K., & Syahputra, R. E. (2019). Negative Factors and Its Effect Towards Job Satisfaction of Nurses. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 12(2), 281–296. https://doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v12i2.5517
Roz, K. (2019). Job Satisfaction As a Mediation of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance in the Food Industry in Malang City. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 3(2), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v3i02.532
Rumangkit, S., & Zuriana, Z. (2019). Work-life balance as a predictor of organizational commitment: a multidimensional approach. Diponegoro International Journal of Business, 2(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.14710/dijb.2.1.2019.18-22
Sanjaya, B. (2021). PENGARUH STRES KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(3), 886–895. https://doi.org/10.37303/a.v22i1.153
Saputro, R., Aima, M. H., & Farida, E. (2020). Effect of Work Stress and Work Load on Burnout and Its Implementation in Turnover Intention Erha Clinic Branch Office (Bogor, Depok and Mangga Besar). Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 1(3), 262–280. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v1i3.137
Sardeshmukh, S. R., Sharma, D., & Golden, T. D. (2012). Impact of telework on exhaustion and job engagement: A job demands and job resources model. New Technology, Work and Employment, 27(3), 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2012.00284.x
Schieman, S., & Glavin, P. (2017). Ironic Flexibility: When Normative Role Blurring Undermines the Benefits of Schedule Control. The Sociological Quarterly, 58(1), 51–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2016.1246905
Schuler, R. S. (1982). An integrative transactional process model of stress in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030030103
Sias, P. M. (2005). Workplace Relationship Quality and Employee Information Experiences. Communication Studies, 56(4), 375–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970500319450
Sidabutar, E., Syah, T. Y. R., & Anindita, R. (2020). The Impact of Compensation, Motivation, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic, 4(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3923/ibm.2016.4907.4916
Staniec, I. (2021). The Nature of Employee–Organization Relationships at Polish Universities. Information (Switzerland), 12, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040174
Stefanie, K., Suryani, E., & Maharani, A. (2020). Flexible Work Arrangement , Work Life Balance ,. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 4(3), 1725–1750.
Suryaningtyas, D., Wilujeng, S., & Firdaus, R. M. (2022). Peran mediasi work life balance di antara work from home dan kepuasan kerja Pendahuluan. Management and Business Review, 6(1), 138–152.
Susilo, D. (2020). Revealing the Effect of Work-From-Home on Job Performance during the Covid-19 Crisis: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 26(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.47750/cibg.2020.26.01.002
Tansel, A., & Gazîoğlu, Ş. (2014). Management-employee relations, Firm size and job satisfaction. International Journal of Manpower, 35(8), 1260–1275. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-09-2014-0179
Vega, R. P., Anderson, A. J., & Kaplan, S. A. (2015). A Within-Person Examination of the Effects of Telework. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(2), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9359-4
Virick, M., DaSilva, N., & Arrington, K. (2010). Moderators of the curvilinear relation between extent of telecommuting and job and life satisfaction: The role of performance outcome orientation and worker type. Human Relations, 63(1), 137–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726709349198
Wardana, M. C., Anindita, R., & Indrawati, R. (2020). Work Life Balance, Turnover Intention, and Organizational Commitment in Nursing Employees at X Hospital, Tangerang, Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic, 4(4), 221–228.
Wessels, C., Schippers, M. C., Stegmann, S., Bakker, A. B., van Baalen, P. J., & Proper, K. I. (2019). Fostering Flexibility in the New World of Work: A Model of Time-Spatial Job Crafting. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00505
Wojčák, E., & Baráth, M. (2017). National Culture and Application of Telework in Europe. European Journal of Business Science and Technology, 3(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.11118/ejobsat.v3i1.79
Xesha, D., Iwu, C. G., Slabbert, A., & Nduna, J. (2014). The Impact of Employer-Employee Relationships on Business Growth. Journal of Economics, 5(3), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/09765239.2014.11885007
Yu, J., & Wu, Y. (2021). The Impact of Enforced Working from Home on Employee Job Satisfaction during COVID-19 : An Event System Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article, 18(24), 1–22.
Yuniarti, A. D. (2021). Relationship Between Flexible Working Arrangement and Job Satisfaction Mediated By Work-Life Balance in PT. Tiara Impresa Gugus Artha. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, Perkantoran, Dan Akuntansi, 2(2), 1–9.
